Contactors & Relays:
These circuits utilize down to 10 components on controlling, while their utility is general in power devices such as Star/Delta motor drivers.
Transistors:
Involving some transistor, we could aim moderate logic arrays. While simple digital arrays need to additional D/A or A/D converters, these arrays are usually used in analog circuits. As they are cheaper, smaller and more reliable, they are widely used in electronic controllers hence you can execute a rather complex function with just some transistors determined and cooperated expertly.
Logical gates:
Referring to 74XX series, can execute a particular logic, arithmetic or shifting (memorizing) function. Although they have no flexibility for running another function, they seem faster and cheaper in utilities which are determined to manipulate a specific digital function. For instance bicycle odometer.
ICs are a singular chipset which include many logical gates namely modules.
VLSI: Due to decreasing transistors feature sizes, nowadays millions of logical gates are ridden in one chip, nowadays Very Large Scale Integration circuits have been involved widely.
CPUs:
These are VLSI’s which are used as the heart of any computer. The primary processors (i.e. 40XX) had simple routines, lower speed and capacity. On the other hand, they cooperate with a series of other auxiliary processors, coprocessors. Modern processors include these coprocessors within, while packing and tiny pins restrict their fabrication to large factories.
- 40XX series: with 4 buses, 2 parallel pin rows, low class instructions,
- 80XXX series: with separated data/address buses, and 4 pin rows, construct a bridge for more dedicated computing.
- Pentiums: Evolving an imaginary memory, could rend human thought on electronic world, while catching more speed has been a milestone in marketing.
- Itanium: In accordance with worldwide usage of web, and increasing servers technology, electronic industry faced to this new horizon. Itanium series are capable of huge computing on a fraction of nanosecond.
Controllers:
Interconnecting processors by utilizing digital circuits, you can make a module instead of a spread circuit sheet. Where ever a computation is needed, while there is no need for human permanent interface or a moderate PC cant be installed, micro controllers are a better choice. Instances are: robots, car monitoring, intelligent industry product buses.
